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excess reserve (現金的)超額儲備。

excess-profits tax

While changes in reserve requirements can affect short - term interest rates by changing banks demand for reserves , these actions can have disruptive effects on banks since banks need time to adjust their portfolios to accommodate the changed requirements , especially if the financial markets are not fully developed and the distribution of excess reserves among banks is uneven 調整儲備要求盡管可以改變銀行對儲備資金的需求,從而影響短期利率,但同時亦可能為銀行帶來不良的影響。這是由于銀行需要時間調整其資產組合以符合新的儲備要求。如果有關地區的金融市場尚未全面發展,或銀行之間的過剩儲備資金分布不均,影響則可能更甚。

So , the “ divisible by 9 “ rule - now very much an interesting “ trademark “ of the pboc since it applies the rule to other policy rates , including the central bank lending rate , the rediscount rate and the rates on required and excess reserves continues to be a tradition of the financial system of the mainland 被9整除的做法已成為人行的標記,并廣泛應用于其他政策利率,包括央行貸款利率再貼現利率法定存款準備金利率及超額準備金利率。這已成為內地金融體制的一個特色,要了解內地金融情況的朋友便要留意了。

Chapter n analyzes the present urban gas civil use in wisco , and points out that the major problems are miscalculation of fluctuating needs of users , rigid maximum production , excess reserve , and redundant pipe net transport . all these lead to the conclusion that urban gas which transcends the users needs has increased purification and transport cost 第二章,分析了武鋼民用煤氣輸配系統的現狀,對用戶動態需求估計不準,按照最大能力組織生產,儲備能力過剩,管網輸送能力富余;指出了現行生產工藝中存在的問題,超出用戶需求的煤氣增加了凈化成本和輸送成本。

“ to work well , the currency board needs the support of a strong financial system , a strong fiscal policy , and a flexible economy , which can adjust to shocks without having the exchange rate as a policy tool . having large excess reserves of foreign exchange also helps , “ dr fischer said 他說:若要貨幣發行局制度有效運作,就必須有穩健的金融體系有力的財政政策,及靈活的經濟作為后盾,在面對經濟沖擊時,即使沒有匯率這項政策工具,經濟也能迅速作出調整。

At the time of his sale , the governor was contemplating the biggest decision of his career , an end to “ quantitative easing ” , by which the boj had for five years flooded the banking system with excess reserves 在福井出售其股份之際,這位央行行長正在思忖其職業生涯中最大的一個決定,結束長達5年的日本央行向銀行系統投放超額儲備金的“定量寬松”政策。

Banks with a small excess reserve ratio and a strategy to seek higher lending growth at the same time , such as shenzhen development bank ( 000001 . sz / rmb37 . 20 , u ) would be most negatively impacted 超額儲備金率較低且努力提高貸款增速的銀行,例如深發展( 000001 . sz /人民幣37 . 20 ,落后大市) ,將受到此次準備金率上調的最大負面影響。

In the past five years , the bank of japan has not just kept interest rates at zero but also flooded the markets in tokyo with 30 trillion yen ( roughly $ 300 billion ) of excess reserves every night 在過去五年內,日本的銀行不但保持零利率而且還以每天30萬億日元(約合3千億美元)的超大儲量充盈東京市場。